Lincoln Cathedral was the first building that was taller than the Great Pyramid of Giza, and the tallest building in the world for the years cited. Unfortunately the central spire collapsed in 1548 (not 1549 as the question suggests), and was never rebuilt.
In fact, the question setter seems to be unaware of how Lincoln lost its superlative claim, because 83 metres is its current height. While the central spire stood, it was said to be 525 feet (160 metres) tall.
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